Radiation therapy is an effective and non-invasive treatment for prostate cancer that uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells while preserving as much healthy tissue as possible. Over the years, significant advancements have improved the accuracy, effectiveness, and safety of radiation therapy. Different types of radiation therapy are available, and each has unique benefits.
What is Radiation Therapy and How Does it Work?
Radiation therapy uses high-energy X-rays or proton beams to damage the DNA of cancer cells, preventing them from growing and dividing. Over time, these damaged cancer cells die off, allowing the body to clear them naturally.
Unlike surgery, which removes the prostate gland, radiation therapy works by targeting cancer while preserving surrounding organs, such as the bladder and rectum. It can be used as a primary treatment for prostate cancer, as well as after surgery if there is a risk of recurrence.
Why Do We Still Use Radiation Therapy Over Other Options?
Although treatments like surgery, hormone therapy, and high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) exist, radiation remains one of the most effective options for localized prostate cancer. Here’s why:
- Comparable Cure Rates: Radiation therapy offers similar long-term survival rates to surgery for early-stage prostate cancer.
- Non-Invasive Treatment: Unlike surgery, radiation does not require removing the prostate, reducing recovery time and surgical risks.
- Preserves Quality of Life: Radiation therapy minimizes immediate disruption to daily life and avoids risks like surgical complications.
- Effective for Different Risk Groups: Radiation is used for low-, intermediate-, and high-risk prostate cancer and can be combined with hormone therapy for aggressive cases.
- Post-Surgical Use: If a patient undergoes surgery but later has a rising PSA, salvage radiation therapy can still effectively treat residual cancer cells.
Radiation therapy remains a key pillar in prostate cancer treatment due to its effectiveness, safety improvements, and ability to target cancer while preserving function.